Restauro - Musei 2027

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Glossary

1

Restoration (restauro)

Direct intervention on a damaged or degraded cultural object or building to recover legibility and stability, carried out with documented methods and materials that remain distinguishable and, where possible, reversible.

2

Conservation (conservazione)

The wider discipline of slowing deterioration and managing change in heritage assets, covering preventive measures, environmental control, documentation and treatment decisions.

3

Preventive conservation

Managing light, humidity, temperature, pests, handling and storage so that deterioration is reduced before physical treatment becomes necessary; a core buying theme for museums and archives at the fair.

4

Anastylosis

Recomposition of a monument or structure using its original architectural elements, with new material kept to the minimum needed for structural support and clearly identifiable.

5

Consolidation

Treatment that restores cohesion to a friable or cracked material, for example injecting hydraulic lime grouts into wall cores or applying consolidants to weathered stone and plaster.

6

Desalination

Controlled extraction of soluble salts from porous masonry, plaster or ceramics to stop salt crystallisation that causes surface loss and paint detachment.

7

Bio-restoration (bioremediation)

Use of selected live organisms or enzymes to remove unwanted organic growth, nitrate crusts or protein deposits from stone and fresco surfaces as a gentler alternative to harsh chemicals.

8

Non-invasive diagnostics

Imaging and analytical techniques used to read condition and hidden structure without sampling, including infrared reflectography, UV fluorescence, thermography, X-ray fluorescence and multispectral imaging.

9

Infrared reflectography (IRR)

Imaging in the near-infrared band that reveals underdrawing and earlier paint layers beneath a painting surface, widely used in panel painting and canvas research.

10

Compatible mortar

A repair mortar formulated to match the historic substrate in strength, porosity and movement - typically lime-based rather than cement-based - so the original masonry is not damaged by the repair.

11

Reversibility

The principle that an intervention should be removable or re-treatable without harming the original fabric, a deciding factor when specifying adhesives, coatings and protective films.

12

HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling)

Three-dimensional digital modelling of an historic building that combines survey data, material mapping and intervention records so restoration works can be planned and maintained over time.

13

Microclimate control

Regulation of temperature, relative humidity, light and air movement inside a museum, church or archive to keep fluctuations within levels that historic materials can tolerate.

14

Catalogue record (schedatura)

Structured documentation of a heritage object - identification, condition, materials, photographic record - used by Italian heritage authorities and increasingly delivered through collection-management databases.