Germany is in the Schengen area. Visa-exempt nationals (US, UK, Canada, Australia, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and many more) may enter for fair/business attendance for up to 90 days in any 180-day period without a visa — though the ETIAS pre-travel authorisation is expected to apply to visa-exempt travellers once it launches. Other nationalities need a Schengen Type C short-stay visa (adult fee EUR 90; typically ~15 calendar days processing) obtained from the German mission responsible for their place of residence — apply 4–6 weeks before travel, as appointment slots tighten before a January fair.
Estimated cost: Varies by visa type and nationality (check official site).
Processing: Varies by nationality; apply several weeks before travel.
Apply at the German embassy/consulate responsible for your place of residence. Trade-fair and business-meeting visits are covered by a standard Type C visa; bring an invitation letter or exhibitor confirmation. Fee: EUR 90 adults, EUR 45 for children 6–12, free under 6. Covers trade-fair attendance and business meetings, but generally not paid employment in Germany.
Official