Forum Risk Management in Sanità

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Industry trends

Key trends shaping this market and its wider industry.

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Frequently asked

Glossary

1

Clinical risk management

The systematic process by which a health organisation identifies, assesses, reduces and monitors the risk of harm to patients and staff during care. In the Italian NHS it is a formal requirement embedded in regional accreditation and in each trust's risk-management plan, and it is the organising theme of the Forum's clinical risk tracks.

2

Clinical governance

The accountability framework through which healthcare organisations are answerable for continuously improving quality and safeguarding standards of care. It links quality, safety, audit, education and patient involvement under a single leadership structure, which is why governance sessions sit alongside incident-analysis sessions at the Forum.

3

Sentinel event

An unexpected occurrence in care that causes death or serious permanent harm, and that requires immediate investigation rather than being treated as an ordinary incident. Reporting and analysing sentinel events is a standard agenda item for risk managers attending the Forum.

4

Near miss

An event that could have caused harm but was intercepted before it reached the patient. Near misses are collected in the same reporting systems as adverse events because they carry the same learning value at lower human cost.

5

Root cause analysis (RCA)

A structured retrospective method used after a serious event to reconstruct the timeline, identify contributing factors at system level (process, staffing, equipment, communication) and agree corrective actions with owners and deadlines.

6

FMEA / FMECA

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (and its criticality variant FMECA) is a prospective, team-based technique that maps each step of a care process, lists possible failure modes, and scores severity, occurrence and detectability to prioritise preventive controls before harm occurs.

7

Incident reporting system

The non-punitive channel through which staff log adverse events, near misses and unsafe conditions. Design choices - anonymity, feedback loops, classification taxonomies - determine whether reporting volume reflects real risk or merely reporting culture.

8

Clinical audit

A cyclical review of practice against agreed standards, followed by targeted change and re-audit to show improvement. It is distinct from research: the question is whether local care matches what is already known to be good practice.

9

Risk manager

The professional, often from a clinical or legal background, who coordinates risk assessment, incident analysis, insurance and claims interfaces and improvement plans inside a health organisation or region.

10

Medical liability (Law 24/2017)

In Italy, Law 24/2017 (the Gelli-Bianco reform) reshaped medical liability by tying the assessment of clinician conduct to published guidelines and good practice recommendations, and by separating the contractual liability of facilities from the extra-contractual liability of professionals. The resulting claims, insurance and guideline-adherence questions fill the legal-medical sessions at the Forum.

11

Health Technology Assessment (HTA)

A multidisciplinary evaluation of the clinical, economic, organisational and ethical consequences of adopting a health technology. HTA results increasingly inform procurement and risk decisions in hospitals, which is why device and digital-health suppliers exhibit alongside the clinical tracks.

12

Accreditation

Institutional verification that a facility meets minimum structural, process and safety requirements set by the region or by an accreditation body. Losing or renewing accreditation is a direct risk-management event for a trust, not a purely administrative one.

13

Risk register

A living list of identified risks scored by likelihood and impact, each with a named owner, mitigation action and review date. It is the practical instrument that turns risk policy into something auditors and boards can actually track.